The preferred form of Vitamin B-1 is Thiamine Diphosphate or Thiamine Pyrophosphate.
The preferred form of Vitamin B-2 is Riboflavin 5'-Phosphate.
The preferred form of Vitamin B-3 is Niacinamide.
The Preferred Form of Vitamin B-6 is Pyrioxidal 5'-Phosphate.
The preferred Form of Folate is Methylfolate. (Or at least Calcium Folinate.)
The preferred Form of Vitamin B-12 is Methylcobalamin.
A significant percentage of the population cannot convert the inactive forms of the B-vitamins, to the active forms of the B-vitamins. Therefore, I think it's plausible to get the preferred forms of the B-vitamins.
I have seen no commercial multi-vitamin product, or otherwise any B-complex, which has the preferred forms of all of the B-vitamins
Those other the nutrients related to the B-Vitamins:
Biotin Inositol Choline Para-Aminobenzoic Acid N-Acetyl-Cysteine R-Lipoic Acid Carnitine Carnosine Taurine Beta-Alanine Betaine
Choline, biotin, inositol, carnotine, carnosine, taurine, beta-alanine, and beta-alanine could protect against fatty liver disease. This has been shown in rats.
Carnosine could quench hydroxyl radicals. Free iron ions, or pooly-liganded iron, could react with oxidants, to form hydroxyl radicals. For instance, iron could react with hydrogen peroxide, to form hydroxyl radicals. The hydroxyl radicals are more damaging; as it could cause lipid peroxidation and deplete vitamin E. Carnosine could neutralize hydroxyl radicals, therefore it's an antioxidant, sparing vitamin E, and protecting against the effects of excess iron.
Zinc is a relatively non-toxic metal, and could be supplemented in cases of zinc deficiency or poor soil quality. Zinc oxide and zinc carbonate are poorly-absorbed, as they are not soluble in water. Therefore, they are not the preferred forms of zinc.[9] Preferred forms of zinc include zinc citrate, zinc picolinate, and zinc gluconate. Zinc sulphate is preferred likewise, but it could cause intestinal irritation.[9]
Zinc also reduces nitric oxide synthase, supports immune function, and inhibits aromatase, an enzyme which converts testosterone to estrogen.
Selenium supplementation: Do not get anything other than "selenomethionine" or "selenium from yeast." Any other form of selenium is more damaging. Damaging forms of selenium include "sodium selenate", "sodium selenite", "chelated selenium" and "selenium glycinate." Those forms of selenium are unmethylated, and they are toxic since unbound selenium ions are highly reactive and cause free radical damage.
[1] The Essential Toxin: Impact of Zinc on Human Health Laura M. Plum, Lothar Rink and Hajo Haase * http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/7/4/1342/pdf
[2] Zinc supplementation in oral rehydration solutions: experimental assessment and mechanisms of action. Altaf W, Perveen S, Rehman KU, Teichberg S, Vancurova I, Harper RG, Wapnir RA. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11838884
Zinc deficiency is associated with chronic diarrhea. This condition is generally linked to an overproduction of nitric oxide (NO), which induces secretion and cellular damage as a free radical.
[3] Zinc-Altered Immune Function and Cytokine Production1 Lothar Rink2 and Holger Kirchner http://jn.nutrition.org/content/130/5/1407S.long
[4] M.A. Beck, P.C. Kolbeck, Q. Shi, L.H. Rohr, V.C. Morris, and O.A. Levander, “Increased Virulence of a Human Enterovirus (Coxsackievirus B3) in Selenium-Deficient Mice”, J. Infectious Diseases 170, 351-357, 1994. [2] M.A. Beck, P.C. Kolbeck, L.H. Rohr, Q. Shi, V.C. Morris, and O.A. Levander, “Vitamine E Deficiency Intensifies the Myocardial Injury of Coxsackievirus B3 Infection of Mice”, J. Nutr.
This effect is reversed with selenium deficiency. Older mice that are also selenium deficient are as susceptible to the virus as young mice.
These tests employ lard, special fish oil with vitamin E removed, selenium and vitamin E. The vitamin E prevents the deleterious formation of aliphatic hyperperoxides from the high concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in the fish oil. Fish oil administered without vitamin E depletes the body's store of vitamin E and potentiates the heart damage observed with the virus infection. (Normal fish oil contains a small but sufficient amount of vitamin E to prevent these problems.)
http://www.philsoc.org/1995Spring/2041minutes.html
[5] J Nucleic Acids. 2010 Sep 22;2010. pii: 725071. Prevention of mutation, cancer, and other age-associated diseases by optimizing micronutrient intake. Ames BN. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20936173
[6] FASEB J. 2011 Jun;25(6):1793-814. Epub 2011 Mar 14. Adaptive dysfunction of selenoproteins from the perspective of the triage theory: why modest selenium deficiency may increase risk of diseases of aging. McCann JC, Ames BN.
[7] Arther & Beckett. (1999) Thyroid function http://bmb.oxfordjournals.org/content/55/3/658.abstract?ijkey=142d514bc098871f0edbf58f0989a55060f2627a&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
[8] Arther & Beckett. (2004) Selenium and endocrine systems http://joe.endocrinology-journals.org/content/184/3/455.abstract?ijkey=62929d24abdd3d8eb6509950b387320efd616459&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha+html
[9] Zinc and micronutrient supplements for children
LH Allen - The American journal of clinical nutrition, 1998 - Am Soc Nutrition
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